ISL1

2RGT, 4JCJ367016392ENSG00000016082ENSMUSG00000042258P61371P61372NM_002202NM_021459NP_002193NP_067434Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the isl1 gene.1bw5: THE NMR SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE HOMEODOMAIN OF THE RAT INSULIN GENE ENHANCER PROTEIN ISL-1, 50 STRUCTURES Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the isl1 gene. This gene encodes a transcription factor containing two N-terminal LIM domains and one C-terminal homeodomain. The encoded protein plays an important role in the embryogenesis of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In mouse embryos, a deficiency of this gene fail to undergo neural tube motor neuron differentiation. ISL1 has been shown to interact with Estrogen receptor alpha. ISL1 is a marker for cardiac progenitors of the secondary heart field (SHF) which includes the right ventricle and the outflow tract. It also has a biological function as shown in Isl1 knockout mice which have a severely deformed heart. More recently it has been defined as a marker for a cardiac progenitor cell lineage that is capable of differentiating into all 3 major cell types of the heart: cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineages. The validity of ISL1 as a marker for cardiac progenitor cells has been questioned since some groups have found no evidence that ISL1 cells serve as cardiac progenitors. Furthermore, ISL1 is not restricted to second heart field progenitors in the developing heart, but also labels cardiac neural crest. This paper supports work from the Vilquin group in 2011, which concluded that ISL1 can represent cells from both neural crest and cardiomyocyte lineages. While it has been demonstrated by multiple groups that ISL1-positive cells can indeed differentiate into all 3 major cell types of the heart, their significance in cardiovascular development is still unclear and their clinical relevance has been seriously questioned. This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.