Sexual minority

A sexual minority is a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society. Primarily used to refer to LGB individuals, it can also refer to transgender, genderqueer (including third gender) or intersex individuals. A sexual minority is a group whose sexual identity, orientation or practices differ from the majority of the surrounding society. Primarily used to refer to LGB individuals, it can also refer to transgender, genderqueer (including third gender) or intersex individuals. Variants such as GSM ('Gender and Sexual Minorities'), GSSM ('Gender, Sexual and Sexuality Minorities') GSRM ('Gender, Sexual and Romantic Minorities'), and GSD ('Gender and Sexual Diversity') have been considered in academia, but it is SGM ('Sexual and Gender Minority') that has gained the most advancement since 2014. In 2015 the NIH announced the formation of the Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office and numerous professional and academic institutions have adopted this term. Sexual and gender minority is an umbrella term that encompasses populations included in the acronym 'LGBTI' (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex), and those whose sexual orientation or gender identity varies. It includes those who may not self-identify as LGBTI (e.g., queer, questioning, two-spirit, asexual, men who have sex with men, gender variant), or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development (e.g., individuals with differences or disorders of sex development, who sometimes identify as intersex). The term sexual minority was coined most likely in the late 1960s under the influence of Lars Ullerstam's ground breaking book 'The Erotic Minorities: A Swedish View' which came strongly in favor of tolerance and empathy to uncommon varieties of sexuality, such as paedophilia and 'sex criminals'. The term was used as analogous to ethnic minority. Scientists such as Ritch Savin-Williams support using the term in order to accurately describe adolescent youths who may not identify as any common culturally-defined sexual identity label (lesbian, gay, bisexual, et cetera) but who still have attractions towards those of the same anatomical sex as themselves. Social issues may lead to possible health and psychological issues, especially in youth. It has been found that sexual minorities face increased stress due to stigmas. This stigma-related stress creates elevated coping regulation and social and cognitive processes leading to risk for psychopathology. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published their 2015 study of large cohorts of ninth to twelfth grade students across the US. One hundred health behaviors were shown to put LGB students at risk for health consequences. Sexual minority students engage in more risky behaviors when compared with nonsexual minority students. Some students '...had no sexual contact were excluded from analyses on sexual behaviors female students who had sexual contact with only females were excluded from analyses on condom use and birth control use...' Also excluded were '...male students who had sexual contact with only males were excluded from analyses on birth control use.” One small study showed that LGBT adolescents were victimized more often, had higher rates of psychopathology, left home more frequently, used highly addictive substances more frequently, and were more likely to have more multiple sex partners than heterosexual adolescents. Based on studies of adolescents, it is concluded that sexual minorities are similar to heterosexual adolescents in developmental needs and concerns. However, research has suggested that sexual minority youth (more specifically LGBT youth) are more susceptible to psychological and health issues than heterosexual youth. Sexual minorities tend to use alternative and complementary medicine alternative methods of addressing their health needs more often than heterosexuals. Sexual minority women have a higher incidence of asthma, obesity, arthritis and cardiovascular disease than other groups.