Short-chain fatty acid

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), also referred to as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), are fatty acids with less than six carbon atoms. Free SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier via monocarboxylate transporters. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), also referred to as volatile fatty acids (VFAs), are fatty acids with less than six carbon atoms. Free SCFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier via monocarboxylate transporters. SCFAs are produced when dietary fiber is fermented in the colon. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the three most common SCFAs. SCFAs and medium-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the portal vein during lipid digestion, while long-chain fatty acids are packed into chylomicrons and enter lymphatic capillaries, and enter the blood first at the subclavian vein. SCFAs have diverse physiological roles in body functions. They can affect the production of lipids, energy and vitamins. Up to 10% of the body's energy can come from SCFAs. Butyrate is particularly important for colon health because it is the primary energy source for colonic epithelial cells. The liver can use acetate for energy.