Characterizing the Eemian-Weichselian transition in northwestern Europe with three multiproxy speleothem archives from the Belgian Han-sur-Lesse and Remouchamps cave systems
2019
Abstract
Interglacialto glacial transitions represent the most drastic turnovers in the Quaternary climate system. Yet,
millennial-scaled climate variability and stochastic internal variability that result in (inter)glacial transitions remain poorly understood. Here, three
speleothemsfrom two different cave systems in Belgium are investigated to characterize the
Eemianto early Weichselian transition. The
speleothemsshow high reproducibility for δ 13 C, interpreted as a proxy for past vegetation activity, controlled by type of vegetation above the cave. All three
speleothemsshow a drastic increase in δ 13 C between 118 and 117 ka, reflecting a rapid change in vegetation from last
interglacialtemperate tree species towards glacial open-grass vegetation. This transition shows a strong affinity with the Late
EemianAridity Pulse (LEAP) at 118 ± 1 ka, previously identified in pollen records from Western Germany. An age of 117.7 ± 0.5 ka is determined for the start of this transition in the Belgian
speleothems. The
speleothemrecords show a distinct transition in the proxies between
Eemianoptimum conditions and increased variability during the glacial inception and therefore the
Eemian-Weichselian transition is set at 117.7 ± 0.5 ka in the
speleothemrecords. High-resolution trace element analysis shows that the transition is initiated by a cooling pulse followed by a decrease in precipitation. Through comparison with other archives, including North-Atlantic sedimentary records, it is proposed that the transition at 117.7 ka constitutes an internal climate response caused by a substantial input of freshwater from degraded ice-sheets by the end of the
Eemian(∼120-118 ka).
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