Plasma 2020 - Intracluster Medium Plasmas

2019
Galaxy clustersare the largest and most massive bound objects resulting from cosmic hierarchical structure formation. Baryonsaccount for somewhat more than 10% of that mass, with roughly 90% of the baryonicmatter distributed throughout the clusters as hot ($T>1$ keV), high-$\beta$, very weakly collisional plasma; the so-called " intracluster medium" (ICM). Cluster mergers, close gravitational encounters and accretion, along with violent feedback from galaxies and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei, drive winds, gravity waves, turbulenceand shocks within the ICM. Those dynamics, in turn, generate cluster-scale magnetic fields and accelerate and mediate the transport of high- energy chargedparticles. Kinetic-scale, collective plasma processesdefine the basic character and fundamental signatures of these ICM phenomena, which are observed primarily by X-ray and radio astronomers.
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