A case of Listeria meningitis with active ulcerative colitis and a review of literature in the Japanese cases

A 53-year-old man who had been diagnosed with moderate ulcerative colitis and treated with mesalazine and glucocorticoid steroid was admitted due to fever of unknown origin and diarrhea. Intravenous feeding and treatment with cephem antibiotics were started, but the febrile reaction did not improve at all. Physical examination and various tests showed no specific symptoms, including headache or meningeal irritation. However, the blood culture test showed a positive result of Gram-positive bacilli. Thus, a lumbar puncture was performed and the patient was finally diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia and meningitis. Administration of intravenous meropenem and ampicillin led to the improvement of symptoms without any neurological sequelae. In addition, several cases with opportunistic infection of L. monocytogenes have been reported in recent years in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during immunosuppressive therapy. Consequently, L. monocytogenes infection should be considered as one of differential diagnosis when patients present with IBD patient and are treated by biological or immunosuppressive agents with a fever of unknown origin.