Neural electrodes for long-term tissue interfaces

Abstract The neural interface is the link that connects a prosthetic or robotic device with the nervous system. When a neuroprosthesis is implanted, it is usually intended to provide a prolonged lifespan with effective bidirectional communication, being able to deliver stimulation or to record electrical signals from the target nerve or brain area. In the case of limb prostheses, neural electrodes have been used to provide the user with somatosensory feedback to sense the prosthesis actions. The long-term performance of the interface depends on the electrode design and durability, and also on the biological response to the foreign body implanted. In this chapter, the different electrodes designed to interface the peripheral nerve are reviewed, with particular focus on the provision of somatosensory feedback.