Modified Protocol for A Mouse Heart Failure Model Using Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction

Summary Here, we present a modified protocol for a mouse heart failure (HF) model using minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (miTAC). miTAC is a more effective method in mice than the standard open-chest transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to generate an HF model. miTAC does not require the cutting of the ribs or tracheal intubation with artificial ventilation; it also has a higher survival rate. The successful outcome of the HF model can be verified using transthoracic echocardiography and histology. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hu et al. (2003) and Richards et al. (2019) .