Antenatal steroids and neurodevelopment in 12-year-old children born extremely preterm

AIM To investigate neurodevelopmental outcome in 12-year-old children born very preterm in relation to perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic variables. To examine if previously described positive effects of antenatal steroids on cognition persist at 12 years. METHODS Prospective cohort, 78 children with gestational ages 22.7 to 31.9 weeks, born 2004-2007 and examined at 12 years of age with cognitive, motor and visual-motor integration tasks and compared to an age-matched control group (n=50). Two preterm subgroups were studied, very preterm children (28-31 gestational weeks, n=53) and extremely preterm children (22-27 gestational weeks, n=25). RESULTS The preterm children had significantly lower scores on all cognitive, motor and visual-motor integration tasks than the controls. Gestational age and maternal education influenced associations differently in the two preterm sub-groups. Also, severe retinopathy of prematurity demonstrated strong associations to outcome. In the extremely preterm group, administration of antenatal steroids was associated with better cognition, basic attention, word generation and motor skills. CONCLUSION At 12 years of age, very preterm children born in the 2000's still have deficits across several neurodevelopmental domains compared to term-born peers. Administration of antenatal steroids has long-lasting associations to cognition and motor skills in extremely preterm-born children.