Contrast-induced nephropathy

Contrast induced nephropathy continues to be a common cause of acute kidney injury and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis involves tubular injury from renal ischemia, reactive oxygen species as well as direct cytotoxic effects of the contrast media. Prevention remains the best option for management of patients at risk. Though multiple strategies have been evaluated, only a few have been shown to be of definite benefit. Novel strategies to reduce contrast volume as well as those targeted at the inflammatory response to tubular ischemia hold promise in being able to reduce nephron loss after dye exposure.