Tarihi Yapıların İncelenmesinde ve Restorasyonunda Petrografinin Kayaç Bilim Önemi

Petrography is the science of rocks. Main topics based on the observation of natural occurrence, on identify and classify of the rocks. Petrographic studies can be summarized as follows: determination rock- forming minerals optical petrography , calculating relative mineral proportions in a sample modal or normative analysis , formation of mineral sequence textural analysis and finally naming rocks by using different classification tables. This can be done only by a appropriate polarization microscope. In geological science rocks are divided in three groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Each have own particular mineral assemblage and fabric appearance. With the development of the polarizing microscope the beginning of 20th century is considered as petrography’s golden age. Archaeological finds, material analysis and absolute age determinations have gained a new dimension under the science archaeometry and attained the position after 1960’s. Archaeometric studies carried out under the section of physical methods of microscopic petrography, X-ray diffraction XRD and other instrumental chemical analysis XRF, AAS, etc. . These analyses can be applied to building stones, pottery wares, bricks, mortars and plasters. As a result to aid archaeological research building material determination, conservation and restoration works can be organized accurate and scientific performance. Recently some institutes have very rich collections of ancient building materials from Mediterranean regions. Perfect petrographic determinations are available on them. Besides, since 1988, every two years the scientists come together during ASMOSIA symposiums