A complex invasion story underlies the fast spread of the invasive box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) across Europe
2019
Many recently established non-native insect species appear to be spreading across
Europesignificantly faster than before. The box tree moth (
Cydalima perspectalis), a native to Asia, is illustrative of this trend. First recorded in 2007 in Germany, the moth has then colonized in less than 10 years more than 30 countries in
Europeand Asia Minor, causing significant damage to wild and
ornamental
Buxustrees. It has been hypothesized that the trade of
ornamentalbox trees between China and
Europewas responsible for the moth introduction while plant trade among European countries may have caused its rapid spread. To clarify the pest invasion history, we analyzed the
genetic diversityand structure of its populations in the native and invaded ranges, using a 1495-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes. Moth
genetic diversityin Asia compared to the one observed in the invaded
Europeand Asia Minor suggested that the invasive populations probably originated from eastern China. Furthermore, the high
genetic diversitycoupled with the spatial
genetic structurein the invaded range suggested the occurrence of several introduction events, probably directly from China. Moreover, the spatial
genetic structurein
Europeand Asia Minor may also reflect secondary invasions within invaded range because of
ornamental planttrade among European countries.
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