Pulmonary mucormycosis in a patient with acute liver failure: A case report and systematic review of the literature

Abstract Purpose Pulmonary mucormycosis is a highly lethal invasive fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients. We report herein the case of an adult woman who developed pulmonary mucormycosis with possible systemic dissemination after recovering from acute liver failure secondary to acetaminophen overdose. Results Our case developed an invasive pulmonary mucormycosis with probable potential systemic dissemination. She did not suffer from any immunocompromising disease other than severe acute liver failure. She did not survive the disease, although she received appropriate antifungal treatment. We also performed a systematic review of the literature on pulmonary mucormycosis, with or without dissemination, in immunocompetent patients. We found 16 cases of pulmonary or disseminated mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients. Fifty-seven percent of them died and none occurred after an acute liver failure episode. Conclusion This case report is the first one to present an invasive pulmonary mucormycosis infection after acute liver failure in an adult patient. The clinical course of this disease is highly lethal, even in immunocompetent adults.