Estimating the Baseline between CERN Target and LNGS Reference Points

AbstractThis work is part of the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN) Neutrinosto Gran Sasso(CNGS) Project, aimed at estimating the velocity of neutrino beams directed from CERN in Geneva toward the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Assergi, Italy. In particular, the distance has to be estimated between the Large Volume Detector, Icarus, and Borexino reference points, locatedinside LNGS, and the CERN laboratory target. All the points at LNGS and CERN are placed in underground laboratories. Traditional surveying methods must then be applied for connecting the reference pointsto benchmarks established outside the underground laboratories in the open field. In this way, the two local LNGS and CERN geodetic networkscan be connected by the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) technique. The CERN target was already estimated with respect to a local GNSS network in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame97. To estimate the position of LNGS points, a new local GNSS network has...