Energy-efficient electrodeposition of metal-based nanostructures through simultaneous deposition at both the cathode and the anode

To meet the energy and environmental requirements, an effective strategy is demonstrated to enable electrochemistry to be energy-efficient for deposition of metal-based nanoparticles, based on careful design of the surface/interface reactions of metal precursors in such a way that the deposition can be induced at both the anode and the cathode.