Typhoon frequency sequence reconstruction and characteristics analysis in the Southeast Coastal Area over China during the Ming and Qing dynasties

This study involved the systematic collation of historical data from local records, government records, etc., as well as disaster data compiled by contemporary researchers. Combined with the characteristics of modern typhoon activity and the frequency of typhoon disasters in the four provinces of the Southeastern Coastal Area over China were established. The moving t test technique and cross-wavelet power spectrum analysis were used to investigate the occurrence of typhoon in the Southeastern Coast Area over China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The results show that: (1) 1517–1558, 1666–1682, 1800–1816, and 1853–1874 were periods of frequent typhoons, while the typhoon mitigation periods were 1562–1572, 1696–1709, and 1786–1797. (2) The typhoons occurring in the Southeastern Coastal Area had four cycles of 5, 10, 25, and 45 years, of which the 45-year cycle was the first major cycle. This study, which reveals the characteristics of multiple disasters in the Ming and Qing dynasties, explored the temporal and spatial patterns of climate disasters in the Southeastern Coastal Area over China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The results provide a reference for the prediction of modern climate disasters.