Effects of trapped charge on the signal formation and detection efficiency for subsequent pulses in irradiated silicon sensors

Abstract Envisaged high energy physics experiments like the Future Circular Collider require unprecedented radiation hardness of the detectors, as well as short readout time due to high luminosity and occupancy. Silicon has proven to be extremely radiation hard. Sufficient signals can be recorded even at fluences close to 1 ⋅ 1 0 16 n e q ∕ cm 2 . The signal formation was studied in silicon strip sensors, irradiated and annealed until the phenomenon of charge multiplication occurred. ATLAS12EC R0 mini sensors were tested by means of edge TCT measurements at temperatures around -20 °C. It was observed that the detection of subsequent signals separated up to several microseconds is altered by the charge trapped during the preceeding pulses. The effects of trapped charge on the electrical configuration of a sensor are well known as a polarization or pumping effect in larger band-gap materials like diamond, but is often neglected for silicon at this relatively high temperature. The investigation of the effect created by trapped charges in silicon sensors using subsequent pulses allows to gain information on important parameters such as de-trapping times. Furthermore, it shows a severe impact on the sensor performance in a pile-up scenario. The irradiation fluence and hence the effective doping concentration, the temperature and the amount of initially created charge have a large impact on this phenomenon. The measurements presented help to characterize this phenomenon; particular attention was paid to the application point of view.