Robot Surgery Shows Similar Long-Term Oncological Outcomes as Laparoscopic Surgery for Mid/Lower Rectal Cancer but Is Beneficial To ypT3-4 After Preoperative Chemoradiation.

BACKGROUND The long-term oncologic efficacy of robotic surgery for patients with rectal cancer is unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate survival outcomes of robotic total mesorectal excision for mid/low rectal cancer compared with those of laparoscopic surgery. DESIGN We performed a single-center retrospective analysis. SETTING The data of a tertiary academic institution was reviewed. PATIENTS There were 705 patients underwent laparoscopic (n = 415) or robotic (n = 118) low anterior resection for stage I-III mid/low rectal cancer. A total of 118 patients in each group were selected from the original data set by using propensity score matching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes were 5-year disease-free survival, distant recurrence, and local recurrence. RESULTS The two groups were balanced in terms of basic characteristics, perioperative treatment, and pathological stage. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 80.5% in the laparoscopic group, and 87.6% in the robotic group (P=0.118). The 5-year distant recurrence rate and local recurrence rate were 19.0% and 4.2% in the laparoscopic group and 10.0% and 3.7% in the robotic group, respectively (P=0.048 and P=0.846, respectively). In a subgroup of patients who received preoperative chemoradiation and had ypT3-4 tumors, the 5-year distant recurrence and local recurrence rates were 44.8% and 5.0% in the laparoscopic group and 9.8% and 9.8% in the robotic group, respectively (P=0.014 and P=0.597, respectively). LIMITATIONS The retrospective nature of the study, potential selection bias with distinct demographics between the groups, and relatively small number of cases are limitations. CONCLUSIONS Robotic surgery for mid/low rectal cancer shows similar long-term oncological outcomes with laparoscopic surgery, but is beneficial to a certain group of advanced rectal cancer with poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Further studies are required to confirm our results. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B546.