MicroRNAs are Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Atopic Dermatitis

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of a diverse array of genes and pathways, with important roles in disease pathogenesis. Many of these miRNAs are currently under investigation as biomarkers or therapeutic options in a range of diseases. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in atopic dermatitis, a relapsing chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology, as they have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. We outline the history and application of miRNAs for the detection and treatment of atopic dermatitis in comparison with other diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, which may assist the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.