Step-by-step loupes-mTESE in non-obstructive azoospermic men, a retrospective study

Background Men with non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA) may have spermin their testes and a procedure of spermretrieval and assisted reproduction is required in them to allow fertility. Standard procedures such as fine needle aspiration(FNA) and conventional testicular sperm extraction(cTESE) harvest random samples with a spermretrieval rate (SRR) of 45%. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction(mTESE) is nowadays considered to be the most accurate technique to retrieve spermin men with NOA. This procedure can identify dilated tubules that are more likely to contain viable spermwith a SRR of 60%.