Ultrasonography of the salivary glands in primary Sjogren's syndrome with positive anti Ro/SS-A antibody

Background/Aims: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary gland ultrasonography in primary Sjogren's syndrome with anti-Ro/SS-A antibody. The secondary goal was to assess the relationship between the grade of parenchymal inhomogeneity and the anti-Ro/SS-A antibody titer or clinical manifestations. Methods: The parotid and submandibular glands were examined ultrasonographically in 30 patients having primary Sjogren's syndrome with anti-Ro/SS-A antibody and 30 control subjects with no evidence of Sjogren's syndrome. The ultrasonographic definition of parenchymal inhomogeneity of the salivary glands was blurred glandular borders, multiple hyperechoic bands, and hypoechoic areas. The parenchymal inhomogeneity of the glands was categorized into four grades. Results: Parenchymal inhomogeneity of the parotid gland was seen in 25 (83.3%) patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and 2 (6.7%) control subjects. Of these cases, the submandibular gland showed parenchymal inhomogeneity in 24 (80%) patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and 2 (6.7%) control subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of parenchymal inhomogeneity of the parotid gland were 83.3% and 93.3%, respectively, and 80% and 93.3% for the submandibular gland. The grade of ultrasonographic parenchymal inhomogeneity was related to a diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome (p=0.859;submandibular gland: =0.837). Conclusions: Salivary gland ultrasonography is a useful method for visualizing glandular structural changes and making a diagnosis of primary Sjogren's syndrome.