Transfer profile of intramuscularly administered tetrodotoxin to non-toxic cultured specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes.

Abstract Tetrodotoxin(TTX) was intramuscularly administered to non-toxic cultured specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripesto investigate TTX transfer/accumulation profiles in the pufferfish body. In two groups of test fish administered either 50 MU/individual of TTX standard (purified TTX; PTTX) or crude extract of toxic pufferfish ovary (crude TTX; CTTX), TTX rapidly transferred from the muscle via the blood to other organs. The toxintransfer profiles differed between groups, however, from 4 to 72 h. In the PTTX group, little TTX was retained in the liver, and most (>96%) of the toxinremaining in the body transferred/accumulated in the skin after 12 h, whereas in the CTTX group, a considerable amount of toxin(15%–23% of the administered toxinor 28%–58% of the remaining toxin) was transferred/retained in the liver for up to 24 h, despite the fact that 89% of the remaining toxintransferred/accumulated in the skin at the end of rearing period (168 h). The total amount of toxinremaining in the entire body at 1–4 h was approximately 60% of the administered toxinin both groups, which decreased at 8–12 h, and then increased again to approximately 60%–80% at 24–168 h. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that the toxinaccumulated in the skin was localized at the basal cells of the epidermal layer.