Novel mutation in AIRE gene with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

Abstract Purpose Autoimmune polyendocrine type 1 (APS-1) is a complex inherited autosomal recessive disorder. Classically, it appears within the first decade of life followed by adrenocortical insufficiency, mucocutaneous candidiasis, Addison's disease, and hypoparathyroidism. The clinical phenotype of APS-1 varies depending upon mutations in the autoimmune regulatorgene (AIRE) on chromosome 21q22.3. Methods In this study, we performed Sanger sequencingofAIRE in Iranian patients to identify different variants and probable new mutations corresponding to a clinical diagnosis of APS-1. Results After analyzing 14AIRE exons, we detected a novel insertion mutation in exon 2 in a patient who presented with severe APS-1, Lys50AsnfsX168. Furthermore, the known mutations in AIRE, including Arg139X, Arg257X, and Leu323SerfsX51, were detected in enrolled patients. Discussion According to our results, sequencing analysis ofAIRE provides a useful screening method to diagnose patients with incomplete or unusual clinical presentations of APS-1.