Parvovirus B19-infected tubulointerstitial nephritis in hereditary spherocytosis

Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) causes glomerulopathy or microangiopathy, but not tubulopathy. We experienced an 11-year-old girl with spherocytosis who developed acute kidney injury on a primary infection of B19V. She presented with anuria, encephalopathy, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy, along with no apparent aplastic crisis. Methods Continuous hemodiafiltration, immunoglobulin, and intensive therapies led to a cure. Results A kidney biopsy resulted in a histopathological diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis without immune deposits. The virus capsid protein was limitedly expressed in the tubular epithelial cells with infiltrating CD8-positive cells. Conclusions Viral and histopathological analyses first demonstrated B19-infected tubulointerstitial nephritis due to the aberrant viremia with hereditary spherocytosis.