Evidence for multiple-insecticide resistance in urban Aedes albopictus populations in southern China
2018
Aedes albopictus(Skuse) is an invasive mosquito that has become an important vector of
chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. In the absence of specific antiviral therapy or a vaccine, vector management is the sole method available for reducing Aedes-induced disease morbidity. Determining the resistance status of Ae. albopictus to insecticides and exploring the resistance mechanisms is essential for future vector control planning.
Aedes albopictuslarvae and pupae were sampled from six sites (two sites each from urban, suburban and rural) in Guangzhou. The resistance
bioassayswere conducted against
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti):
deltamethrin,
propoxurand
malathionfor larvae; and
deltamethrin, DDT,
propoxurand
malathionfor adults. P450 monooxygenase (P450s), glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and
carboxylesterase(COEs) activities of adult mosquitoes were measured. Mutations at the
knockdown resistance(kdr) gene were analyzed, and the association between kdr mutations and phenotypic resistance was tested. Adult
bioassaysrevealed varied susceptibility against DDT,
deltamethrinand
propoxurin the six Ae. albopictus populations. Significantly lower mortality rates were found in urban populations than suburban and rural populations. Urban mosquito populations showed resistance against DDT,
deltamethrinand
propoxur, while one rural population was resistant to DDT. All populations tested were susceptible to
malathion. Larval
bioassaysresults indicated that all populations of Ae. albopictus were sensitive to the
larvicideBti and
malathion. Resistance to
deltamethrinand
propoxurwas common in larval populations. The F1534S and F1534 L mutations were found to be significantly associated with
deltamethrinresistance. Biochemical assays indicated elevated detoxification enzyme activities in the field mosquito populations.
Aedes albopictuspopulations in Guangzhou, especially in urban areas, have developed resistance to the commonly used insecticides, primarily DDT and
deltamethrin. This finding calls for resistance management and developing counter measures to mitigate the spread of resistance.
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