Skeletal growth and maturation in children afflicted with major endocrine disorders

Orthodonticand dentofacial orthopedic strategies depend on both skeletal growth and maturation stages. In children, various parameters such as growth curves shown in the child's health record, pubertal changes, or skeletal maturation (using the vertebral maturation method) need to be evaluated. These elements allow the practitioner to choose the optimal moment to start treatment or to discontinue it. Endocrine disorders such as growth hormone variations, thyroid disorders, and pubertal issues could modify skeletal growth and maturation. Diagnoses and treatment of these pathologies affect maxillofacial growth and development. Thus, these pathologies should be taken into consideration during orthodonticand dentofacial orthopedic treatment in children.