Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Cancer Post Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Immunotherapy is expanding its role in cancer therapy, and in various tumor types it has now become the frontline treatment. Though generally better tolerated than traditional chemotherapy, its mechanism of activating the immune system results in a unique set of adverse reactions that maybe disastrous in the setting of post solid organ transplantation. We herein describe a case report of a patient who was post–renal transplant, developed metastatic, relapsed, refractory renal cell carcinoma, and was successfully treated with nivolumab for 6 cycles while maintaining renal graft function. We also reviewed the published case reports of immunotherapy administered in the post–renal transplantation setting.