Differentiation Kinetics of Blood Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in Macaques: Insights to Understanding Human Myeloid Cell Development
2015
Monocyteand dendritic cell (DC) development was evaluated using in vivo BrdU pulse-chase analyses in
rhesus macaques, and phenotype analyses of these cells in blood also were assessed by immunostaining and flow cytometry for comparisons among rhesus, cynomolgus, and
pigtail
macaques, as well as African
green monkeysand humans. The nonhuman primate species and humans have three subsets of
monocytes,
CD14+
CD16− ,
CD14+
CD16+ , and
CD14−
CD16+ cells, which correspond to classical, intermediate, and nonclassical
monocytes, respectively. In addition, there exist presently two subsets of DC, BDCA-1 +
myeloidDC and CD123 + plasmacytoid DC, that were first confirmed in
rhesus macaqueblood. Following BrdU inoculation, labeled cells first appeared in
CD14+
CD16−
monocytes, then in
CD14+
CD16+ cells, and finally in
CD14−
CD16+ cells, thus defining different stages of
monocytematuration. A fraction of the classical
CD14+
CD16−
monocytesgradually expressed
CD16+ to become
CD16+
CD14+ cells and subsequently matured into the nonclassical
CD14−
CD16+ cell subset. The differentiation kinetics of BDCA-1 +
myeloidDC and CD123 + plasmacytoid DC were distinct from the
monocytesubsets, indicating differences in their
myeloidcell origins. Results from studies utilizing nonhuman primates provide valuable information about the turnover, kinetics, and maturation of the different subsets of
monocytesand DC using approaches that cannot readily be performed in humans and support further analyses to continue examining the unique
myeloidcell origins that may be applied to address disease pathogenesis mechanisms and intervention strategies in humans.
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