Plaque modification in calcified chronic total occlusions: the PLACCTON study.

Abstract Introduction and objectives Severe calcification is present in > 50% of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) undergoing percutaneous intervention. We aimed to describe the contemporary use and outcomes of plaque modification devices (PMDs) in this context. Methods Patients were included in the prospective, consecutive Iberian CTO registry (32 centers in Spain and Portugal), from 2015 to 2020. Comparison was performed according to the use of PMDs. Results Among 2235 patients, wire crossing was achieved in 1900 patients and PMDs were used in 134 patients (7%), requiring more than 1 PMD in 24 patients (1%). The selected PMDs were rotational atherectomy (35.1%), lithotripsy (5.2%), laser (11.2%), cutting/scoring balloons (27.6%), OPN balloons (2.9%), or a combination of PMDs (18%). PMDs were used in older patients, with greater cardiovascular burden, and higher Syntax and J-CTO scores. This greater complexity was associated with longer procedural time but similar total stent length (52 vs 57 mm; P = .105). If the wire crossed, the procedural success rate was 87.2% but increased to 96.3% when PMDs were used (P = .001). Conversely, PMDs were not associated with a higher rate of procedural complications (3.7 vs 3.2%; P = .615). Despite the worse baseline profile, at 2 years of follow-up there were no differences in the survival rate (PMDs: 94.3% vs no-PMDs: 94.3%, respectively; P = .967). Conclusions Following successful wire crossing in CTOs, PMDs were used in 7% of the lesions with an increased success rate. Mid-term outcomes were comparable despite their worse baseline profile, suggesting that broader use of PMDs in this setting might have potential technical and prognostic benefits.