Gut Microbiome and Radioiodine-Refractory Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Pathophysiology.

Gut microbiome (GM) might be associated with radioiodine (RAI)-refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through different mechanisms related to sodium/iodide (Na(+)/I(-)) symporter (NIS) regulation. However, whether thyroid carcinoma (TC), especially RAI-refractory PTC, causes dysbiosis, or vice versa, is still unknown. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism between GM and RAI-refractory PTC.