Seabed topography beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf from seismic soundings

Seismic reflection soundings of ice thickness and seabeddepth were acquired on the Larsen C Ice Shelfin order to test a sub- ice shelf bathymetrymodel derived from the inversion of IceBridge gravity data. A series of lines was collected, from the Churchill Peninsula in the north to the Joerg Peninsula in the south, and also towards the ice front. Sites were selected using the bathymetrymodel derived from the inversion of free-air gravity data to indicate key regions where sub- ice shelfoceanic circulation may be affected by ice draft and seabeddepth. The seismic velocity profile in the upper 100 m of firnand ice was derived from shallow refraction surveys at a number of locations. Measured temperatures within the ice column and at the ice base were used to define the velocity profile through the remainder of the ice column. Seismic velocities in the water column were derived from previous in situ measurements. Uncertainties in ice and water cavity thickness are in general < 10 m. Compared with the seismic measurements, the root-mean-square error in the gravimetrically derived bathymetryat the seismic sites is 162 m. The seismic profiles prove the non-existence of several bathymetric features that are indicated in the gravity inversion model, significantly modifying the expected oceanic circulation beneath the ice shelf. Similar features have previously been shown to be highly significant in affecting basal melt rates predicted by ocean models. The discrepancies between the gravity inversion results and the seismic bathymetryare attributed to the assumption of uniform geology inherent in the gravity inversion process and also the sparsity of IceBridge flight lines. Results indicate that care must be taken when using bathymetrymodels derived by the inversion of free-air gravity anomalies. The bathymetryresults presented here will be used to improve existing sub- ice shelfocean circulation models.