Chronic fertilization of 37 years alters the phylogenetic structure of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Chinese Mollisols
2018
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) play vital roles in sustaining soil productivity and plant communities. However, adaption and differentiation of AMF in response to commonly used fertilization remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that the AMF community composition was primarily driven by soil physiochemical changes associated with chronic inorganic and organic fertilization of 37 years in
Mollisols. High-throughput sequencing indicated that inorganic fertilizer negatively affected AMF diversity and richness, implying a reduction of mutualism in plant–AMF
symbiosis; however, a reverse trend was observed for the application of inorganic fertilizer combined with manure. With regards to AMF community
composition,
order
Glomeraleswas dominant, but varied significantly among different fertilization treatments. All fertilization treatments decreased family
Glomeraceaeand genus
Funneliformis, while Rhizophagus abundance increased. Plant-growth-promoting-microorganisms of family Claroideoglomeraceae and genus Claroideoglomus were stimulated by manure application, and likely benefited pathogen suppression and phosphorus (P) acquisition. Family
Gigasporaceaeand genus Gigaspora were negatively correlated with available P in soil. Additionally, redundancy analysis further suggested that soil available P, organic matter and pH were the most important factors in shaping AMF community composition. These results provide strong evidence for
niche differentiationof phylogenetically distinct AMF populations under different fertilization regimes. Manure likely contributes to restoration and maintenance of plant–AMF
symbiosis, and the balanced fertilization would favor the growth of beneficial AMF communities as one optimized management in support of
sustainable agriculturein
Mollisols.
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