Features of apoptosis, formation of membrane-released microparticles in case of lymphocyte damage in young patients with bronchial asthma, depending on body mass index

Research Objective: Characteristics of apoptosis, MBM formation and cytokines production in case of lymphocyte damage in young patients with bronchial asthma (BA), depending on BMI. Material and Methods: 224 people were examined. 164 patients with asthma were divided into 2 groups: BA+BMI 18-24.9 kg/m2 (1st gr), BA+BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 (2nd gr). Control: 60 almost healthy volunteers. Studied: degree of obesity, determination of cytokines, adipokines, outflow of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells was estimated in accordance with the standard protocol, the number of membrane-released microparticles (MBM) was counted. Results: In the 2nd group, even at a young age, more often there are patients with moderate and severe clinical course, the severity of bronchial-obstructive syndrome is more significant with the tendency to decrease FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. In the 2nd group in the peripheral blood there was debalance of both adipokines and cytokines: increase in the levels of leptin, IL4, IL6, TNFα, and the decrease IL-15, and low levels of adiponectin. In the 2nd group the percentage of cells in apoptosis was significantly lower compared. In 2nd group the number of MBM significantly increased in comparison with the check ones with obesity, whereas in patients with bronchial asthma and normal body weight, this indicator, on the contrary, significantly decreased compared with the check ones without obesity. It can be assumed that the imbalance of cytokines, adipokines and mechanisms of programmed cell death is a possible pathogenetic factor in asthma and in asthma and obesity syntropy.