Estimation of radiation effects in the front-end

8 The front-end electronics of the electromagnetic calorimeter of an International 9 Linear Collider detector are situated in a radiation environment. This requires the 10 effect of the radiation on the performance of the electronics, specifically FPGAs, 11 to be examined. Physics events and hadron events that originate from the machine 12 background, have been simulated and radiation spectra in the area of the detector 13 housing the front-end electronics have been estimated. It is not yet possible to make 14 a final prediction of the absolute effect of this radiation as the type of FPGA and 15 the final design parameters of the accelerator will not be decided for several years. 16 Therefore measurements are proposed which can be made in order to estimate the 17 radiation damage for any given FPGA. The estimates are made using energy spectra 18 at the location of the front-end electronics as well as energy deposition in the ECAL. 19 The radiation damage is estimated by using energy spectra and energy depositions 20 produced for this part of the detector. The method, but not the particle spectrum 21 and the energy depositions, is applicable for electronics in any part of the detector. 22