The sub-TeV transient Gamma-Ray sky: challenges and opportunities
2019
The detection of gravitational waves and neutrinos from astrophysical sources with gamma-ray counterparts officially started the era of Multi-Messenger Astronomy. Their transient and extreme nature implies that monitoring the VHE sky is fundamental to investigate the non-electromagnetic signals. However, the limited effective area of space-borne instruments prevents observations above a few hundred GeV, while the small
fieldof
viewand low
duty cycleof
IACTsmake them unsuited for extensive monitoring activities and prompt response to transients. Extensive
Air Showerarrays (EAS) can provide a large
fieldof
view, a wide effective area and a very high
duty cycle. Their main difficulty is the distinction between gamma-ray and cosmic-ray initiated
air showers, especially below the TeV range. Here we present some case studies stressing the importance that a new EAS array in the Southern Hemisphere will be able to survey the sky from below 100 GeV up to several TeV. In the energy domain between 100 and 400 GeV we expect the strongest electromagnetic signatures of the acceleration of ultra-
relativistic particlesin sources like SNRs,
blazarjets and gamma-ray bursts, as recently proved by
IACTobservations. This spectral window is also crucial to understand the Universe opacity to high energy radiation, thus providing constraints on the cosmological parameters. We will discuss the implications of VHE radiation on the mechanisms at work and we will focus on the advantages resulting from the ability to monitor the energy window lying between the domain of space-borne detectors and ground-based facilities.
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