THE EFFICACY OF ENDOSCOPIC DUAL LASER TREATMENT FOR LOW GRADE UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

INTRODUCTION: Until recently, radical nephroureterectomy was considered the gold standard treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Post-operative complications, long-term adverse effects of nephrectomy as well as the risk of contralateral recurrence have led to the development of nephron-sparing techniques. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, complication rate, and oncologic outcomes of ureteroscopic nephron-sparing treatment for low-grade UTUC utilizing a hybrid laser system that incorporates two types of lasers: Nd:YAG and Ho:YAG. METHODS: We reviewed the files of patients who underwent ureteroscopic treatment for UTUC with the hybrid laser system between the years 2014-2018. Only cases of low-grade UTUC and follow-up time of at least 6 months were included in the present study. The following were analyzed: demographic data, tumor histologic characteristics, peri-operative complications, histologic upgrade, oncologic outcomes (i.e: local recurrence, local spread, metastatic progression). RESULTS: A total of 38 patients, who underwent 74 ureteroscopies, met inclusion criteria. Mean tumor size was 16.2 mm. No intra-operative complications were recorded. Two post-operative complications were recorded in one patient - hematuria and retroperitoneal bleeding - both had been treated conservatively. Mean follow-up time was 21.8 months. Local recurrence rate was 73%. Histologic upgrade has been observed in two patients. Four patients (10.5%) were referred to radical nephroureterectomy. There were no cases of local spread, distant metastases or death during the follow-up period. DISCUSSION: Endoscopic dual-laser treatment for low-grade UTUC is safe, surgically feasible and associated with good short-term oncologic outcome. Patient selection and strict follow-up are mandatory.