Fundamentals of thermochemical reduction of TiCl4

Abstract The principle and mechanism of the thermochemical reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) are described with particular focus on the Kroll and Hunter processes. Electrochemical reactions that occur during thermochemical reduction are also discussed in order to understand the morphology and location of the deposit produced during the metallothermic reduction. Past research of new titanium (Ti) production processes are also reviewed briefly and the features of these processes are discussed. As of today, the process of reducing TiCl4 feed to produce Ti is superior to producing Ti directly from oxides owing to the control of impurities.