Lower intake of saturated fatty acids is associated with persistently higher arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes.

2020 
AIM/INTRODUCTION There are few studies to investigate between the relationship between macronutrients and longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This exploratory study sought to determine whether macronutrients were correlated with increased arterial stiffness independently of conventional atherosclerotic risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects comprised 733 type 2 diabetes outpatients who had no apparent history of cardiovascular diseases. The dietary schedule was assessed with a validated, brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire. At baseline and at years 2 and 5, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was measured. A multivariable linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the predictive values of macronutrients and atherosclerotic risk factors for longitudinal changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. RESULTS There was a significant increase in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity values over 5 years of follow-up. In a multivariable linear mixed-effects model that adjusted for age and gender, lower saturated fatty acid intake was significantly correlated with persistently higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, independently of other atherosclerotic risk factors. Lower intake of dairy products in particular exhibited this correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that lower saturated fatty acids intake was correlated with persistently higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in type 2 diabetes patients. Among food sources of saturated fatty acids, lower dairy products specifically were correlated with elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. This may be because the consumption of dairy products in Japan was much lower than in Western countries.
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