The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber
2017
The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global
cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of
ionsfor new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an
ionfilter, we were able to further investigate the
ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of
ionson the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that
ionsenhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by
ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged
ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and
ionconcentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by
ion–ionrecombination before they grew to 2.5 nm. At this size, more than 90 % of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from
ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5 nm. Observations at Hyytiala, Finland, showed lower
ionconcentrations and a lower contribution of
ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that
ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower
ionconcentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy.
Keywords:
-
Correction
-
Source
-
Cite
-
Save
-
Machine Reading By IdeaReader
60
References
29
Citations
NaN
KQI