Glutamine Synthetase Promotes Radiation Resistance via Facilitating Nucleotide Metabolism and Subsequent DNA Damage Repair
2019
Summary
Radiation resistanceis a critical problem in radiotherapy for cancer. Radiation kills tumor cells mainly through causing DNA damage. Thus, efficiency of DNA damage repair is one of the most important factors that limits radiotherapy efficacy.
Glutaminephysiologically functions to generate protein and nucleotides. Here, we study the impact of
glutamine metabolismon cancer therapeutic responses, in particular under irradiation-induced stress. We show that
radiation-resistantcells possessed low glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, and TCA cycle but high
glutamine
anabolism. Transcriptome analyses revealed that
glutamine synthetase(GS), an enzyme catalyzing glutamate and ammonia to
glutamine, was responsible for the metabolic alteration. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays revealed that GS could be transcriptionally regulated by
STAT5. Knockdown of GS delayed
DNA repair, weakened nucleotide metabolism, and enhanced radiosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that GS links
glutamine metabolismto radiotherapy response through fueling
nucleotide synthesisand accelerating
DNA repair.
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