A new calculation of Earth-skimming very- and ultra-high energy tau neutrinos
2019
Cosmic neutrinos above a PeV are produced either within
astrophysicalsources or when
ultra-high energy cosmic raysinteract in transit through the
cosmic background radiation. Detection of these neutrinos will be essential for understanding cosmic ray acceleration, composition and source evolution. By using the Earth as a
tau neutrinoconverter for upward-going extensive
air showersfrom tau decays, balloon-borne and space-based instruments can take advantage of a large volume and mass of the terrestrial neutrino target. The theoretical inputs and uncertainties in determining the tau lepton exit probabilities and their translation to detection acceptance will be discussed in the context of a new calculation we have performed. We quantify the experimental detection capability based on our calculation, including using the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger
Astrophysics(POEMMA) concept study response parameters for optical air Cherenkov detection. These case studies are used to illustrate the features and uncertainties in upward tau
air showerdetection.
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