Music therapy in dementia

Abstract Music is one of the most complex human experiences because of its strong impact on emotion, behavior, cognition, and the autonomic nervous system. Despite the fact that all cultures have employed music as a tool for alleviating suffering and promoting well-being, only recently has music therapy been scientifically investigated. Music exerts various positive effects on people with dementia, promoting cognitive functions and emotional and behavioral regulation. Music-making also allows a nonverbal form of communication based on empathy, emotional sharing, and mutual understanding. Even at the late stage of the illness when other stimuli seem no longer effective and social interaction is lost, persons with dementia still seek and engage with music. There is now a growing body of evidence-based literature confirming the effects of musical intervention on cognition and psychological and behavioral symptoms in dementia. Music therapy can thus represent a promising, cost-effective, and side effect–free nonpharmacological intervention in dementia care.