Non-Associative Algebras and Quantum Physics -- A Historical Perspective.
2019
We review attempts by Pascual Jordan and other researchers, most notably Lawrence Biedenharn to generalize quantum mechanics by passing from associative matrix or
operator algebrasto
non-associative algebras. We start with Jordan's work from the early 1930ies leading to
Jordan algebrasand the first attempt to incorporate the alternative ring of
octonionsinto physics. Jordan's work on the
octonionsfrom 1932 till 1952 will be covered, discussing aspects of the exceptional
Jordan algebraand how to express probabilities when working with the
octonionsand the exceptional
Jordan algebra. From the 1950ies onwards Jordan and others also considered one-sided distributive systems like near-fields,
near-rings, quasi-fields and exceptional Segal systems (the last two examples being not necessarily associative). As the set of non-linear operators forms a
near-ringand even a near-algebra, this may be of interest for attempts to pass from a linear to a non-linear setting in the study of quantum mechanics. Moreover, ideas introduced in the late 1960ies to use non-power-
associative algebrasto formulate a theory of a minimal length will be covered. Lawrence Biedenharn's and Jordan's ideas related to non-
power-associative
octonionicmatrix algebras will be briefly mentioned, a long section is devoted to a summary of
HorstRuhaak's PhD thesis from 1968 on matrix algebras over the
octonions. Finally, recent attempts to use
non-associative algebrasin physics will be described.
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