Identification of predominant subgingival microbes in acute myocardial infarction patients of South Indian population

Abstract Aim The main aim of this study was to examine the association between periodontitis and increased risk of AMI (acute myocardial infarction) along with prevalence and distribution of two major periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans( A. a ) and Porphyromonas gingivalis( P. g ) , in a small tertiary care hospitals of South India. Methods A total of 30 subjects include experienced Acute myocardial infarction (10 AMI patients, 10 patients with AMI-GCP (Acute Myocardial Infarction – Generalized Chronic Periodontitis) and 10 healthy controls) were studied. The oral examination including the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), russel's index (RI), probing pocket depth (PPD) were performed. Subgingival plaque microorganisms were detected with DNA-RNA hybridization by IAIPado Test 4.5. Biochemical parameters Blood lipids – LDL, HDL, Triglycerides and Total cholesterol, in addition to Cardiac enzymesCPK and CPK-MB were carried out. Results The study demonstrated that patients with AMI-GCP exhibited significantly higher frequency of Probing pocket depths (PPDs) >5 mm than AMI and controls ( P P P A. a (1.151 millions) and P. g (3.451 millions). Conclusion The present study confirms a significant association between periodontitis and AMI in south Indian population. The total bacterial load of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis may be one of the strong concomitant risk factors in the development of AMI of south Indian population.