Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: results from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Background Spain has been one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic Objective To create a registry of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain, in order to improve our knowledge of the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of this disease Design A multicentre retrospective cohort study, including consecutive patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 throughout Spain Epidemiological and clinical data, additional tests at admission and at seven days, treatments administered, and progress at 30 days of hospitalization were collected from electronic medical records Results Up to June 30th 2020, 15,111 patients from 150 hospitals were included Their median age was 69 4 years (range: 18-102 years) and 57 2% were male Prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 50 9%, 39 7%, and 19 4%, respectively The most frequent symptoms were fever (84 2%) and cough (73 5%) High values of ferritin (73 5%), lactate dehydrogenase (73 9%), and D-dimer (63 8%), as well as lymphopenia (52 8%), were frequent The most used antiviral drugs were hydroxychloroquine (85 6%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (61 4%) 33 1% developed respiratory distress Overall mortality rate was 21 0%, with a marked increase with age (50-59 years: 4 7%, 60-69 years: 10 5%, 70-79 years: 26 9%, ≥80 years: 46 0%) Conclusion The SEMI-COVID-19 Network provides data on the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain Patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Spain are mostly severe cases, as one in three patients developed respiratory distress and one in five patients died These findings confirm a close relationship between advanced age and mortality Resumen Antecedentes Espana ha sido uno de los paises mas afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19 Objetivo Crear un registro de pacientes hospitalizados en Espana por COVID-19 para mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los aspectos clinicos, diagnosticos, terapeuticos y pronosticos de esta enfermedad Metodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, multicentrico, que incluye pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados con COVID-19 confirmada en toda Espana Se obtuvieron los datos epidemiologicos y clinicos, las pruebas complementarias al ingreso y a los siete dias de la admision, los tratamientos administrados y la evolucion a los 30 dias de hospitalizacion de las historias clinicas electronicas Resultados Hasta el 30 de junio de 2020 se incluyeron 15 111 pacientes de 150 hospitales Su mediana de edad fue 69,4 anos (rango: 18-102 anos) y el 57,2% eran hombres Las prevalencias de hipertension, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus fueron 50,9%, 39,7% y 19,4%, respectivamente Los sintomas mas frecuentes fueron fiebre (84,2%) y tos (73,5%) Fueron frecuentes los valores elevados de ferritina (73,5%), lactato deshidrogenasa (73,9%) y dimero D (63,8%), asi como la linfopenia (52,8%) Los farmacos antivirales mas utilizados fueron la hidroxicloroquina (85,6%) y el lopinavir/ritonavir (61,4%) El 33,1% desarrollo distres respiratorio La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 21,0%, con un marcado incremento con la edad (50-59 anos: 4,7%, 60-69 anos: 10,5%, 70-79 anos: 26,9%, ≥80 anos: 46%) Conclusiones El Registro SEMI-COVID-19 proporciona informacion sobre las caracteristicas clinicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en Espana Los pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en Espana son en su mayoria casos graves, ya que uno de cada tres pacientes desarrollo distres respiratorio y uno de cada cinco pacientes fallecio Nuestros datos confirman una estrecha relacion entre la edad avanzada y la mortalidad