Immune hemolytic anemia caused by drugs

Introduction: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia(DIIHA) is a rare cytopenia; about 130 drugs have been incriminated. The antibodies causing DIIHA can be i) drug-independent (drug not needed to be present to detect antibodies in vitro)—DIIHA caused by this type of antibody presents clinically and serologicallyas an autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) with red cell (RBC) autoantibodies in patients' sera and in eluates from their RBCs; or (2) drug-dependent (antibodies react in vitro with RBCs only in the presence of drug, on the RBC membrane or when added to the patient's plasma and RBCs). Areas covered: Literature is reviewed regarding pathophysiology of DIIHA (mechanisms; incidence of drugs involved; the clinical, hematological, and serologicalcharacteristics of the most common antibodies causing DIIHA). Expert opinion: DIIHA is often poorly investigated and many reports do not provide data to support the diagnosis (i.e., no serologyto support an immune etiology). The three most common drugs currentl...