[Acute Pyelonephritis and Candidemia Due to Candida lusitaniae: A Case Report].

: Although candiduria is becoming increasingly common among hospitalized patients, Candida lusitaniae is a rare pathogen that account for less than 1% of Candida species isolated from urine. Ascending pyelonephritis and candidemia due to Candida species are uncommon complications. We report herein on a case of acute pyelonephritis and candidemia due to C. lusitaniae. A 66-year-old man presented with a high fever during hospitalization at our hospital following septic shock due to ischial osteomyelitis treated with tazobactam/piperacillin for 29 days. We suspected acute pyelonephritis, and urinary Gram staining showed only yeasts and leucocytes. The next day, blood culture and urine culture tested positive and showed yeast-like fungi. We diagnosed acute pyelonephritis and candidemia due to Candida species and started treatment with fluconazole. C. lusitaniae was identified on the hospital day 34 and treated with fluconazole for 14 days. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated from the urinary tract, however non-albicans Candida species have emerged and are now dominant because of the advent and increasing use of fluconazole. C. lusitaniae is a rare but important pathogen, that is generally susceptible to fluconazole and resistant to amphotericin B. It is necessary to choose an appropriately effective antifungal drug based on identification of the fungal species.