Biomimetic hydroxyapatite-containing composite nanofibrous substrates for bone tissue engineering

The fracture of bones and large bone defects owing to various traumas or naturalageing is a typical type of tissue malfunction. Surgical treatment frequently requires implantation of a temporary or permanent prosthesis, which is still a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons, especially in the case of large bone defects. Mimicking nanotopographyof naturalextracellular matrix (ECM) is advantageous for the successful regeneration of damaged tissues or organs. Electrospun nanofibre-based synthetic and naturalpolymer scaffolds are being explored as a scaffold similar to naturalECM for tissue engineering applications. Nanostructured materials are smaller in size falling, in the 1100nm range, and have specific properties and functions related to the size of the natural materials(e.g. hydroxyapatite (HA)). The development of nanofibres with nano-HA has enhanced the scope of fabricating scaffolds to mimic the architecture of natural bone tissue. Nanofibrous substrates supporting adhesion, proliferation, differe...