3D passive imaging of ultrasound cavitation using a 2D array

Ultrasound (US) therapy is, for a large panel of application, a promising technique which still requires an accurate monitoring system. Therefore, the passive acoustic mapping (PAM) beamformingtechnique is outlined. It reconstructs cavitation activity maps by beamformingacoustic signals passively recorded by an array. This method has already been explored in 2D with optimizations as phase coherence factor (PCF) (Boulos et al, IUS, 2016) or robust capon beamforming(Coviello et al, JASA, 2015). The 3D implementation is a crucial step for real-time monitoring of US therapy. As the cavitation spot is located and spreads in the three directions, the acoustic source information should be retrieved from the recorded radio-frequency (RF) signals in both lateral and elevation directions of the array.