Hemostatic factors in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence has shed light on the role of the hemostatic pathway and its components in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in enhancing and sustaining neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVE To review the clinical, experimental, and neuroimaging evidence supporting the role of different components of the hemostatic pathway in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in MS and discuss their translational potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS A literature search for most relevant articles from 1956 to 2020 was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. RESULTS Hemostasis components appear to be involved in different key events of neuroinflammation in MS including mononuclear cell diapedesis, microglia activation, and neuronal damage. CONCLUSION The findings on the interplay between hemostatic and thrombotic molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in MS open new opportunities for developing novel biomarkers for disease monitoring and prognosis, as well as novel therapeutic targets.